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Problem Space Analysis
feature
author: Paul Halliday
An easy way to begin understanding what the problem space is
for a simulator is to identify the sources of sound in the real world. Sound
sources in the Beech 1900D are as follows.
The Beech 1900D is equipped with two Pratt &
Whitney PT6A-67D turbo prop engines, one mounted on each wing. |
In an aircraft, there are warning horns such as
landing gear, stall, and overspeed. |
The Ground Proximity Warning System provides a variety
of sounds such as “PULLUP, PULLUP” and “TERAIN, TERRAIN.” |
The Traffic Collision Avoidance System provides voice
messages such as “DESCEND, DESCEND NOW” and “CLIMB, CLIMB
NOW”. |
When tuned to a radio navigation aid, a navigation
radio will play whatever is being broadcast over the carrier
frequency. This is usually the Morse code identifier of the navaid.
Each nav radio is considered a separate source of sound. In the Beech
1900D there are two VHF nav receivers, two DME receivers, two marker
beacon receivers, and one ADF receiver. |
We have a voice communications that was easily
implemented by the SimPhonics sound system. In addition, we simulate
an Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) that provides weather
information through a text-to-speech synthesizer. |
As an aircraft flies faster through the air, the noise
of the air going over its surfaces gets louder and louder. Surfaces
that produce an air impact sound that is noticeable in the cockpit
typically include the windshield, the landing gear, and the flaps. |
Rain, hail, and thunder are sources of sound. |
In addition to air impact noise, landing gear usually
has a hydraulic motor sound, and possibly a “thunk” when locking
in place (either retracted or extended). |
Usually a flaps motor makes a sound that can be heard
in the cockpit. |
Windshield wipers, cockpit ventilation, and runway
rumble are sources of sound. In addition, most simulators have a crash
sound to let the student know that the plane’s been broken beyond
repair. |
Depending on the requirements of the trainer,
malfunctions can provide a rich variety of aural cues. On the Beech
1900D we have explosive decompression and tire blowouts. |
Details on these sounds are provided in the Host Computer To
SimPhonics Computer Interface and the V+ Designs sections of this article.
Most sources of sound within a SimPhonics system are
simulated by “playing” a digital sound file (i.e., a WAVE file).
SimPhonics has an extensive library of previously recorded WAVE files that
can be reused for many simulations. However, each plane has a unique set of
sounds that usually require an in-plane recording session to accurately
capture these unique sounds. The Data Collection section of this article
provides detailed information on how these sounds are captured.
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